Parcours LUMOMAT : Lumière molécules matière

Voir la page complète

After a diagnosis carried out to establish the level of oral English, the student will receive work leads. The evaluation will be carried out during the defense in English of the student experimental project.

Students will have the opportunity during the year to prepare and sit for the English certification implemented at the University.

Voir la page complète

The teaching will focus on scientific communication with training on writing an internship report, a scientific article, the acquisition of educational communication tools (designing a poster, etc.) and research training, bibliography and popular science. Students will participate in workshops dedicated to the concepts of meeting management, management, project management, and preparation for a recruitment interview.

Students will have the opportunity to attend the conferences offered within the Laboratory by internationally renowned researchers and teacher-researchers or industrials in the field of organic electronics. In particular, an intervention by AFELIM (French Association of Printed Electronics) will be offered to enable students to open up to the various trades in printed electronics. In this context, company visits to this
area of application will also be organized.

The main normative definitions of Quality, the main regulatory requirements applicable to chemicals and their applications will be described so that students are aware of the different normative standards applied in industry (REACH regulations, ISO 9001 standards, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 26000).

1) Les règlementations « mères » sur les produits : REACH & CLP (2h), principales réglementations sur les produits pour avoir une vision globale des différentes obligations et de l’impact sur les entreprises.
2) La Fiche de Données de Sécurité et les mesures de gestion des risques chimiques (1h) Sensibilisation à la FDS et aux EPI, EPC,
évaluation du risque chimique. L’impact sur les sites industriels : SEVESO III, IED et nomenclature ICPE.
3) Les règlementations sectorielles existantes (1h). Tour d’horizon des différentes réglementations existantes selon les types de produit et les marchés. L’idée est que les étudiants sachent que des réglementations spécifiques vont s’appliquer selon les secteurs, ajoutant des obligations supplémentaires à REACH et CLP.
Mots clés : Biocides, Phytosanitaires, Dispositifs médicaux, Fertilisants, Jouets, Alimentaire, Cosmétiques, Carburants, Aérosols,
Détergents, Médicaments, Peintures et vernis, Explosifs et précurseurs.
4) Les règlementations transverses (1h). Montrer aux étudiants que les réglementations transverses sont nombreuses et qu’il est indispensable de les prendre en compte avant de développer un nouveau projet/une nouvelle substance. PIC, RoHS / DEEE / Piles, Slatique, Précurseurs de Stupéfiants, POP, CIAC, R Nano Biens à double usage.
5) Les référentiels normatifs appliqués en industrie (1h). Description d’un système de management, principe de l’amélioration continue et champ d’application des normes.ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001/ ISO 45001, ISO 26000, ISO 50001 SMI et Responsible care.

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

The following courses will be dedicated to the presentation and use of several types of designs, developed to answer different types of problems.

> Introduction
─ Objectives, technical and economical interest, investigation methodology.

> Constitutive elements
─ The factors : discrete, continuous, ... ; main factors, noise factors,...
─ Treatments, experimental units, ...
─ Observations, special case : quality (reduction of the signal to noise ratio).
─ The expected model, additivity hypotheses of the contributions, state vector, free or constrained effects.

> Searching for an optimal design of experiments
─ The sampling variance/co-variance matrix of the effects.
─ The a priori analysis of an experimentation, optimality criteria.
─ Execution of a designed experimental set (randomisation, error estimation, ...).
─ Reminder on the significance of statistical tests, risks, comparison of variance estimations (Fisher-Snedecor test), of mean estimations (Student test, Tuckey test) ...

> Presentation/use of some types of designs
─ Discrete factor designs : complete blocking, incomplete, latin squares, ...
─ Full factorial designs, 2p designs with interactions.
─ Fractional designs, Taguchi designs, Box designs ..., notion of aliases, resolution ...
─ Response surface designs, quadratic designs : Doehlert, composite, Box-Behnken.
─ Mixture designs.
─ Simplex design for optimum search.

Voir la page complète

> Choice of the theoretical model to answer a molecular problem – 7.5h CM
─ Available theoretical methods and their limitations.
─ The problem of electronic correlation.
─ Choosing calculations parameters.
─ The potential energy surface of the excited states and the spectral modeling.
─ The importance of vibronic coupling.
─ Simple and advanced approaches to model reactivity

.> Setting up a strategy adapted to a problem – 7.5h CM and 10h TP
─ Study of an experimental problem (article).
─ Choice of a calculation strategy and its limits.
─ Choice of a problem to study and practice.
─ Simulation of the absorption and emission properties of complex molecules.

Voir la page complète

1. The main principles of the formulation:
— Generalities
— The classic components of mixtures (binders, solvents and diluents, pigments, fillers, additives, etc.)
— Formulation processes (solubilization, grinding, dispersion, ...)
— Physico-chemical parameters of the formulation (solubility, interfaces, wettability, CPV / CPVC, compatibility of mixtures,
stabilization, particle size, etc.)
Case study: paint formulation - physicochemical formulation techniques and parameters; Methods of transfer from laboratory to industry. P. Thobie (CETIM Nantes)

2. Rheology: L. Benyahia (IMMM Le Mans)
— Introduction to rheology.
— Fundamental principle and determining factors (stress, deformation, …).
— Viscosity definition and energetical considerations.
— Effect of pressure and temperature on the viscosity.
— Time and shear dependence of the viscosity.
— Suspension rheology.
— Rheology of polymer solutions.

3. Printing and coating processes (used in printed electronics): A. Blayo (INP Pagora, Grenoble)
— Printing techniques (screen printing, inkjet, rotogravure, flexography, other processes).
- Main features.
- Properties of associated functional inks.
- Advantages and limits for electronic applications, examples.
- Coating techniques (spin coating, slotdie, blade coating).
— Drying / Annealing techniques (thermal / photonic).

4. Functional inks (inks for printed electronics, in particular): A. Blayo (INP Pagora,Grenoble)
— Specific constraints (graphic inks vs.functional inks).
— Functional materials used for inks:
- Conductive materials (metallic and carbon particles and nanoparticles, conductive polymers, etc.).
- Dielectric materials.
- Semiconductor materials (for PV and OLED applications, for example).
- X-chrome materials.
— Specific measurements of the properties of the printed film (conductivity, for example).

Practical work : Screen printing techniques (M. Boujtita, Nantes)

Visits of companies will allow students to have concrete applications of the content of this course: ARMOR La Chevrolière, world specialist in ink chemistry and printing processes, and SERIBASE Château-Gontier, a company specializing in screen printing techniques.

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

— Classic organometallic coupling reactions (Pd, Ni or Cu catalysts): Stille, Heck, Kumada, Sonogashira, Suzuki, Negishi.
— Direct arylations (directed or not), applications to aromatic heterocycles.
— Click chemistry (Cu, Ru) and C-H activation.
— Metathesis reactions, principles, (diastereo) selectivies.
— Amination and sulfuration reactions to design new syntheses of pi-conjugated systems.
— Interest of non noble metals in synthesis.
— Main electro- and photoactive organic derivatives.
- Nanocarbons: fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene.
- Perylene, naphthalene, porphyrin, phthalocyanin, tetrathiafulvalene.
- Pigments (diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, Bodipy etc …).
- Thiophene, furane, pyrrole, dithienopyrrole, fluorene, carbazole, phenylenevinylene, phenyleneethynylene …
- Organometallic complexes displaying optoelectronic properties.
— Design, synthesis, reactivity and functionalisation of these monomers.
— Design and synthesis of extended pi-conjugated systems (oligomers and polymers displaying a weak band gap).
— Analysis of structure/properties relationships and importance of these derivatives.
— Green chemistry applied to pi-conjugated molecules (12 principles of green chemistry, atom economy, calculations of E factor).

Voir la page complète

Supramolecular Chemistry: basics (9h)
─ From molecular to supramolecular chemistry.
─ Supramolecular interactions.
─ Characterization of supramolecular structures.
─ Host molecules for the recognition of cations, anions and neutral molecules.
─ Chemosensors.
─ Molecular flasks.
─ Supramolecular catalysis.

Supramolecular polymerization (4h)
─ Physical and chemical gels.
─ Application fields (conducting materials, mesophases, self-healing systems,...).
─ Description of supramolecular polymerization processes (isodesmic, cooperative, chain-growth).
─ Chirality and supramolecular polymers (“sergeant and soldiers” and “majority rules” experiments).
─ H and J aggregates.

Supramolecular Chemistry based on metal (12h)
─ Basics and tools.
─ Self-assembling: helicates.
─ Self-assembling: grids, ladders and racks.
─ Self-assembling: molecular polygons and polyhedra.
─ Catenanes, rotaxanes and molecular knots.
─ Molecular machines.
─ Supramolecular polymers. 

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

─ Basic characteristics of light sources (intensity, spectrum, polarization, coherence, ...) and basic physics principle of light emission (black body, spectral lamp, LED, laser, ...).
─ Basic understanding of the physics principles of light-matter interaction (light scat-tering and absorption).
─ Reminders on the concepts seen in M1 of Jablonski diagram, quantum efficiency and fluorescence lifetime.
─ Measure and analysis of fluorescence decays (TCSPC method).
─ Dynamic and static quenching of fluorescence (Stern-Volmer model).
─ Introduction to solvatochromic effects and fluorescence anisotropy.
─ Nonlinear polarisation of light: effects and applications.
─ Engineering of Molecules for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics.
─ Light-absorption and Electron-transfer: Marcus theory and «optical» electron-trans-fer vs. photoinduced-electron transfer (PET).
─ Introduction to mixed-valence complexes and molecular wires.
─ Other applications of PET.
─ Photoinduced energy transfer, theories of Förster and Dexter. Molecular examples with systems applied to amplify light harvesting.
─ Artificial photosynthesis, basic concepts, molecular and hybrid systems for the conversion of sunlight into chemical potential.

Voir la page complète

> X and electron microscopy sciences
─ Spectroscopies with electron microscopes : EELS et EDX
─ Spectroscopy of X absorption in synchrotron : XANES et EXAFS
─ Electron spectroscopy for surface characterization: XPS

> Near-field Microscopies
─ AFM : contact mode (c-AFM), non-contact (nc-AFM), intermittent contact (t-AFM), lateral forces (lf-AFM), spécific interactions, force spectroscopy.
─ SNOM: Optical near-field, operating principle, type of set-up, experimental set-up
─ STM: topographic mode (I-V constant or constant tip-sample distance) and tunnel-effect spectroscopy (STS).

> Raman Spectroscopy
─ Relation of molecular-structures - macroscopic phenomena (physical origin of the refractive index, absorption, diffusion).
─ Application of Raman spectroscopy in microscopy.
─ Main sources of light (white source, LED, Laser diode) : materials and temporal and spectral characteristics.
─ Principles of Raman and Resonance Raman spectroscopy.
─ Extension on non-linear spectroscopy (second harmonic generation, emission with biphotonic absorption).

Voir la page complète

I. Optical bioimaging
1. Stakes
2. Design of luminescent labels and probes
— molecular agents,
— photoactive nanoparticles,
— probing the biological surroundings.
3. Two-photon microscopy for improved sensitivity
— fundamentals,
— optical setup,
— nonlinear optical labels.
4. Photoacoustic microscopy for improved depth detection
— principles,
— main endogenous and exogenous tracers.
II. Photobiology
1. Photodynamic therapy
— principles,
— structural evolution of photosensitizers,
— in the clinics.
2. Photopharmacology
— structural requirements

— drug photo-uncaging,
— photoswitches for structural and functional photoregulation.

Voir la page complète

The different conductive surface modification methods will be presented and their stu-dy will be detailed through practical work. The characterization of these nanomaterials will be studied via electrochemical and coupled techniques (electrochemical microba-lance, spectro-electrochemistry, electrochemical microscopy). Finally, applications in catalysis, luminescence and energy storage will be the subject of case studies.

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

─ 1. Conducting molecular materials :
Synthesis of molecular materials precursors: electroactive ⺎-conjugated organic and or-ganometallic molecules (several examples of donor and acceptors: TTF; bis(dithiolene) complexes of Ni, Pd, Pt, Au; TCNQ. Functionalization/introduction of non-covalent inte-ractions: hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen. Intermolecular interactions in the solid – Open shell molecules: - neutral radicals, stabilization, delocalization – two-stage redox sys-tems (Würster, Weitz) – overlap interactions in the solid – mixed valence dimers – 1D materials – band structures – Peierls transition.
─ 2. Magnetic molecular materials:
Introduction to fundamentals of magnetism of the transition metals. Magnetism of the essential lanthanide ions for our society. Single-Molecule Magnets as potential materials for high-density data storage applications.
─ 3. Hybrid materials: The concept hybrid, definitions and synthetic strategies (sol-gel, grafting, self-assembly, intercalation, coordination)
Classification of hybrid organic-inorganic materials (classes 1 and 2). The main families of amorphous and crystalline hybrid materials (organo-mineral polymers, functionalized silica, coordination polymers (CPs or MOFs), hybrid polyoxometallates, halometallates, phosphonates). Crystalline structure-properties relationship (luminescence, photo- and electrochromism, ferroelectricity, multiferroics, semi-conductors).
─ 4. Nanomaterials:Definition, history, classification.
Mechanism of formation and stabilization of nanoparticles (thermodynamic and kinetic aspects).
Synthesis of organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Properties (photophysics and plasmonics).
Functionalization and bio-conjugation.
Nanomedicine (delivery of the active principle and outcome in the body).

Voir la page complète

> Introduction to ∏-conjugated systems for Organic Electronics
— Introduction on Organic Electronics.
— Electronic structures and properties of conjugated systems: From the doped state (conducting) to the neutral state (semiconducting).
— Introduction or reminders to various electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.
— Determination of HOMO (IP) and LUMO (EA) energy levels of organic materials and construction of energy diagrams of electronic organic devices.
— Characterization of the molecular structure of thin-films

> Conducting polymers
— Synthesis by electropolymerization and their characterization.
— Structure / property relationship analysis.
— Application to electrochemical and optical sensors, transparent conducting or electrochromic materials.

> Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)
— Operating principle.
— Active materials and optimization (from fully organic materials to Perovskites and quantum dots).
— Fabrication methods and characterization of OLEDs.
— Applications.

> Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)
— Operating principle.
— Active materials and optimization.
— Fabrication methods and characterization of OFETs.
— Applications.

> Organic solar cells (OSCs)
— Introduction to the different photovoltaic technologies.
— Operating principle of OSCs.
— Active materials and optimization
— Fabrication methods and characterization of OSCs (theory and practical courses).
— Transfer on an industrial scale: visit of ARMOR©, world specialist in the chemistry of inks and printing processes (near Nantes).

> Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
— Operating principle.
— The components of the DSSC and their optimization.
— Fabrication methods and characterization of DSSCs (theory and practical courses).
— Applications for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthetic Cells (DSPECs) and dye sensitized photocatalytic systems.

> Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) 
— Operating principle.
— Active materials and optimization.
— Fabrication methods and characterization of PSCs

— Applications.

> Polymers for Organic Electronics
— Reminders on polymers and polymer chemistry: main synthetic approaches.
— Methods of controlled/living polymerization leading to tailor-made polymers, random, block and graft copolymers, functionalized polymers, etc., with predetermined structure and architecture.
— Applications: polymers for organic electronics.

Voir la page complète

The internships of Master 1 then of professional integration of Master 2 did not have the same expectations. The first is intended as an internship to discover the professional environment while the second corresponds to a specialization and to a pre-professionalization (towards research or industry). They are all validated not only from an internship thesis accompanied by an oral defense in front of a jury but also by the evaluation of the supervisor.

In Master 2, a professional integration internship of at least 20 weeks, a real springboard to employment or a thesis, is to be completed during semester 4. This internship is carried out either in a research laboratory or in a company. In the first case, it preferably takes place in one of the specialty’s reception laboratories. It can also be carried out abroad, for example in an academic laboratory partner of a host laboratory, after mutual agreement. In the case of internships in companies, the place and subject of the internship, which is sought by the student, are previously validated by the persons responsible for the Master. These internships are assessed on the basis of a written report, the oral defense of the work and a note from the internship director. The evaluation jury is made up of a university tutor, a university rapporteur and the person responsible for the day-to-day follow-up of the intern in the host structure (company or university).

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète

Voir la page complète